Clear Judgment
Clear Judgment / Cases / 001 — Asset tracing
🇨🇭  Switzerland  ·  🇬🇧  United Kingdom  ·  🇨🇾  Cyprus  ·  🇷🇺  Russia

Cross-border asset tracing for creditor enforcement against a Swiss banking group.

A 30-year corporate history across four jurisdictions, a 2023 merger that folded in a second Swiss bank, and much thinner public visibility after 2022. The core asset position was identified and mapped within one week.

Starting point

Long history. Thin visibility.

A Russian operating history dating to 1996, accumulated subsidiaries, branches, a joint venture, licence changes, liquidations — and a 2023 merger that folded in a second Swiss banking structure. Public disclosure for foreign-linked Russian structures had materially narrowed after 2022.

What the client needed

An enforcement picture.

Which assets were still in Russian jurisdiction. Which entities held them. How control ran through the group. And whether the position was still open to recovery.

What was delivered

A 15-page report, mapped.

An analytical report, a separate shareholding analysis, a master table of 30+ entities, ownership diagrams for the pre- and post-acquisition position, and a second-stage asset search plan.

What we established

The investigation identified more than 30 legal entities tied to the group across Russia, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and Cyprus. That included active entities, former entities, liquidated entities, branches, and holding vehicles. Each had to be placed in time, not just in a chart.

Key observation

Two corporate trees, read as one.

Thirty years of Russian operating history and the 2023 merger had to be reconstructed backwards through a post‑2022 disclosure blackout — then re‑assembled into a single chain of title.

The work then focused on the asset side. The main asset identified was a group stake in a major Russian bank, held across several group entities through different legal vehicles.

Share ownership was reconstructed across the 2017–2024 period. The group position as of 2 February 2022 was established at approximately 3.5% of the shares, with roughly 3.65% of voting rights. The holding sat across the London branch of the Swiss holding structure, a Swiss operating subsidiary, the acquired bank's Swiss entity, and the acquired bank's UK subsidiary.

The merger question had to be handled on its own terms. The acquired Swiss bank's Russian-linked subsidiaries and stakes were traced separately, then folded into the combined chain. By 1 July 2024, one Swiss entity had become the statutory successor to the acquired bank's rights and obligations in the relevant structure.

The work also surfaced Cyprus companies connected to the Russian side of the structure. They had not appeared in the public picture before.

Figure 01 — Corporate structure diagram (anonymised)
Ownership chain across Swiss holding companies, Russian operating entities, London branch, and Cyprus structures — before and after the 2023 acquisition.
TIER 1 · HOLDING TIER 2 · OPERATING TIER 3 · RUSSIAN / CY ASSET CH · HOLDING AG Swiss group parent statutory successor · 2024 CH · OPERATING SUB Swiss banking entity UK · LONDON BRANCH Holding company branch CH · ACQUIRED BANK Folded in · 2023 merger RU · OPERATING Russian subsidiary UK · ACQUIRED SUB UK subsidiary of merged CY · STRUCTURE I Cyprus holdco (surfaced) CY · STRUCTURE II Cyprus holdco (surfaced) ASSET · ~3.5% SHARES · ~3.65% VOTING Stake in major Russian bank

What the legal review showed

The next step was to work out whether the group could still dispose of the identified shareholding, and if so, how. Six Russian measures introduced in sequence from 22 February 2022 onward were reviewed in chronological order. The point was to identify the moment at which sale had moved from difficult to blocked.

By the end of February 2022, the group could no longer sell the shares directly through a broker. Any disposal required Government Commission approval. A further court injunction in August 2023 added another layer — prohibiting disposal of stakes in Russian subsidiaries and blocking changes to ownership records in EGRUL.

Finding

The asset position was real — and locked in place.

Six Russian measures introduced from February 2022 onward were reviewed in sequence. Direct broker sale closed first, then Government Commission approval became mandatory, then a court injunction blocked EGRUL changes entirely.

Why this mattered

After the investigation, the client had a documented enforcement picture. The relevant entities had been assembled into one chain. The main Russian-linked asset had been identified. The post-merger successor had been pinned down. The legal position on disposal had been analysed in sequence.

What the client received

  • The main report set out the corporate structure, asset position, legal restrictions affecting disposal, and the main conclusions for enforcement planning.
  • A separate shareholding analysis covering the Russian bank stake in detail, with a master entity table and ownership diagrams showing both pre- and post-acquisition positions.
  • A second-stage plan covering EGRUL extracts and registration files, registrar and depository requests, bank account and funds movement work, tax and accounting records, vehicle and real estate searches, and a review of court and arbitration proceedings.
Selected proof points
I.Core asset position identified within one week.
II.30+ entities mapped across four jurisdictions.
III.3.5%+ stake in a major Russian bank reconstructed across the group.
IV.Ownership chain preserved despite the post-2022 disclosure blackout.
V.Single Swiss successor entity identified after the 2023 merger.
VI.Asset disposal shown to be blocked from 2022 onward.

Legal and investigative basis

The report was prepared as a creditor-side analytical investigation using corporate registry records, historical filings, regulatory disclosures, cross-border company materials, and the Russian legal measures affecting disposal of the identified assets.

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